Abstract: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive, convenient and quick examination method frequently used in the assessment of volume status of the patients. Phase angle (PA) is a derivative index of BIA, and the significance of PA has been studies and emphasized in recent years. This paper reviews the progresses in the application of PA for changes of cardiac structure and function in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in order to provide references useful for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of ESRD patients.

Key words: Phase angle, Bioelectrical impedance analysis, Heart, End-stage renal disease