Abstract: Dialysis is a crucial treatment for maintaining the lives of patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD), and dry weight (DW) management is one of the key components of dialysis therapy. An inappropriate DW setting may lead to volume overload or volume depletion, which significantly increases the risk of complications in dialysis patients, particularly cardiovascular events and mortality. In addition, dialysis patients face a range of complex health challenges, including muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, obesity, and malnutrition. These factors collectively affect their "body composition," which refers to the proportion and functional status of lean tissue (such as muscles and bones) relative to adipose tissue. This review aims to explore recent advances in the management of "body composition" in dialysis patients, covering assessment methods, management strategies, and the role of adjunctive therapies in improving patient outcomes.

Key words: Dialysis, End-stage kidney disease, Body composition, Body mass, Cardiovascular events