【Abstract】Objective To investigate the correlation between self- management and social resources among young and middle-aged patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Methods A total of 187 young and middle-aged patients undergoing MHD in the four tertiary medical centers in Chengdu were investigated by general information questionnaires, including the Hemodialysis Self- Management Instrument (HDSMI) and the Chronic Illness Resources Survey (CIRS). Results The mean score of HDSMI was 2.73±0.47, which is at the middle level. The mean score of CIRS was 3.11±0.55, in which the social resources obtained from social circumstances and cultural level were lower. The total score of social resources and the 6 dimensions including supports from medical staff, supports from family members and friends, self-adjustment, supports from neighborhoods, supports from media policy, and supports from social organizations were positively correlated with self- management (r=0.472, P＜0.001; r=0.234, P=0.001; r=0.240, P=0.001; r=0.393,P＜0.001; r=0.290, P＜0.001; r=0.299, P＜0.001; r=0.266, P＜0.001). Conclusion Health care providers should pay attention to the social resources among young and middle-aged MHD patients, and assist them to make full use of social resources to improve their self-management abilities.