【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effect of antimicrobial transparent dressing containing chlorhexidine gluconate on the maintenance of long-term hemodialysis catheters. Methods This was a single- center prospective cohort study enrolling 56 patients with long-term catheters. The patients in the observation group were treated with antimicrobial transparent dressing containing chlorhexidine gluconate at the outlet of longterm catheters, and the dressing was replaced once a week. The patients in the control group were given traditional sterile gauze dressing, which was changed three times a week. The length of long-term catheter outside of the outlet was measured and recorded. The rates of catheter-related infection and catheter slippage in the two groups were observed for 12 months. Results Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that there was no significant difference in catheter-related infection rate between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.078). The catheter slippage rate was lower in the observation group than in the control group (log-rank test, P=0.040). Conclusion Antimicrobial transparent dressing containing chlorhexidine gluconate can effectively reduce the catheter slippage rate in hemodialysis patients. However, there is no significant difference in catheter-related infection rate between the two groups.