【Abstract】Objective To investigate the relationship between changes of plasma positive pentraxin 3 (PTX3) and cardiovascular disease risks in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods Eighty patients undergoing MHD in our hospital from March 2019 to July 2019 were enrolled as the experimental group. All patients received hemodialysis for ≥6 months. According to the presence or absence of cardiovascular disease, they were assigned into cardiovascular disease (CVD) group or non- cardiovascular disease (NCVD) group. Twenty individuals with healthy physical examination in our hospital were enrolled as the control group. Plasma PTX3 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between PTX3 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), troponin T (cTnT), and hemoglobin (Hb). Risk factors for CVD were analyzed by two- class logistic regression. Results Plasma PTX3 level was significantly higher in the MHD group than in the healthy control group (t=-7.346, P<0.001), as well as in the CVD group than in the NCVD group (t=-4.208, P<0.001). Conclusion Plasma PTX3 was higher in MHD patients than in normal subjects, and was significantly higher in MHD patients complicated with CVD than those without CVD. Age (OR=1.070, 95% CI: 1.003- 1.141, P=0.039), cTnT (OR=1.019, 95% CI: 1.004-1.035, P=0.013), and PTX3 (OR=4.338, 95% CI: 1.160-16.608, P=0.029) were the independent risk factors for CVD in MHD patients.