Abstract: Hemodialysis patients are exposed to a large volume of water during hemodialysis. Purity of the dialysate especially the microbial purity is closely related to the acute and long-term complications of hemodialysis. With the advances in technology, ultrapure dialysate with substantially lower bacterial and endotoxin contaminants is widely used clinically. The ultrapure dialysate can improve inflammation status, malnutrition, erythropoietin hyporesponsiveness and progressive atherosclerosis, and decrease the morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients.

Key words: hemodialysis, ultrapure dialysate, endotoxin, inflammation