【Abstract】Objective To investigate the influential factors relating to thrombosis in internal arteriovenous fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods One hundred and seventy six cases with artificial arteriovenous fistulae for the first time were included in this study. Serum albumin, C-reactive protein, urea nitrogen, β-microglobulin and iPTH, plasma fibrinogen, and hemoglobin were assayed twice every year. In 122 cases with vascular access failure due to thrombosis in their internal arteriovenous fistulae, COX regression analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation of these factors with the life span of arteriovenous fistulae. Result Diabetes, serum albumin, serum C-reactive protein and plasma fibrinogen correlated with the thrombosis in internal arteriovenous fistulae; Serum C-reactive protein linearly correlated with serum albumin and plasma fibrinogen. Conclusion Diabetes, serum albumin, serum C-reactive protein, and plasma fibrinogen were the risk factors relating to thrombosis in internal arteriovenous fistula. Serum albumin was a protective factor. Increase of serum C-reactive protein induced the lower level of serum albumin and the higher level of plasma fibrinogen.