Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of combined aerobic-resistance training on dialysis adequacy and quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.  Methods  A total of 40 MHD patients treated in Blood Purification Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from June 2021 to June 2022 were recruited as the study subjects. Their hemodialysis age was≥3 months. They were divided into the test group (n=20) and the control group (n=20) by random number table method. Patients in the control group were given routine treatment, including diet guidance, drug treatment and hemodialysis; those in the test group were asked to perform combined aerobic-resistance training three times a week and 45 minutes each time for 24 weeks during the dialysis period in addition to the routine treatment. Blood urea nitrogen, calculated the urea clearance index (Kt/V) and urea reduction rate (URR) before and after the intervention were collected to estimate their dialysis adequacy. Changes of the short form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) before and after the intervention were used to compare the quality of life between the two groups.  Results  After the execirse intervention for 24 weeks, Kt/V, URR, general health status (GH), physical function (PF), vitality (VT), mental health (MH) and total score of SF-36 were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (t=2.435, 2.218, 2.675, 2.798, 3.188, 2.197 and 4.251 respectively; P=0.020, 0.033, 0.011, 0.008, 0.003, 0.034 and <0.001 respectively). In the test group after the exercise training for 24 weeks, Kt/V, URR, GH, PF, VT and total SF-36 score became significantly higher than their baseline levels (t=-2.880,          -7.543, -6.168, -3.587, -7.009 and -7.521 respectively; P=0.010, <0.001, <0.001, 0.002, <0.001 and <0.001 respectively).  Conclusion  Combined aerobic-resistance training can improve the dialysis adequacy and quality of life in MHD patients.

Key words: Maintenance hemodialysis, Combined aerobic-resistance training, Dialysis adequacy, Quality of life