Abstract: Objective  This paper aims to reveal the domestic and international research trends in hemodialysis technology from the perspective of patents, to compare the technological differences between domestic and foreign technologies, and to provide references for technological breakthroughs and patent layout of domestic enterprises.  Methods   Based on global patent data, the analysis is conducted from the dimensions of application trends, and applicant distribution. The development and evolution of core technologies such as dialysis membranes, dialysis fluids, and monitoring alarms are also studied.  Results  The annual average growth rates of domestic patent applications during the slow growth, oscillating growth, and rapid growth phases were 19.74%, 30.48%, and 33.56%, respectively. In contrast, foreign applications began to decline gradually starting in 2017 (The annual average growth rate from 2017 to 2021 was -2.01%). Three domestic applicants ranked among the top 20 global patent applicants. Domestically, 38% of patent applications originated from enterprises, while 33% came from hospitals. The key development directions for dialyzer membranes focus on membrane materials, forming processes, and functionalization. Patent technologies for dialysate concentrate on personalized regulation and the addition of therapeutic drugs tailored to different individuals. Dialysate delivery and heating technologies focus on intelligence and safety.  Conclusions  Domestic entities have evolved from technology followers into a significant force driving the global development of hemodialysis technology. The domestic landscape possesses the advantage of collaborative innovation between clinical institutions and enterprises.

Key words: Hemodialysis, Patent analysis, Domestic substitution, Patent layout