Abstract: 【Abstract】Objective To investigate the expression of peripheral blood CD36 level, its influence factors, and its clinical significance in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods A total of 77 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and 10 healthy subjects were included in this study. Clinical data was collected. Blood tests, echocardiogram and carotid artery ultrasound were taken. The number of CD36+ cells in whole blood was determined by a flow cytometer and compared among patients with CKD stage 1～3, Stage 4～5 and healthy subjects. Its correlations with lipid, inflammation indices, carotid plaques and left ventricular hypertrophy were analyzed.  Results The CD36+ level was significantly higher in patients at CKD stage 1～3 and CKD stage 4～5 than in control subjects (476.73±191.41×105/L, 1463.61±592.90×105/L and 68.55±12.73×105/L, respectively, P＜0.01), and was significantly higher in patients at CKD stage 4～5 than in patients at CKD stage 1～3 (P＜0.01). The CD36+ level was significantly higher in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy than in those without left ventricular hypertrophy (1255.07±704.20×105/L vs. 805.34±586.20×105 / L, P＜0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that the CD36+ level in whole blood was an independent risk factor for carotid artery plaque (β=0.295, P=0.010). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that eGFR (β= -0.301, P＜0.01) and triglyceride (β= -0.294, P＜0.01) were the stronger independent determinants of the CD36+ level.  Conclusion The CD36+ level in whole blood was elevated in CKD patients. The increase of CD36+ level was closely associated with renal function deterioration and dyslipidemia, and might relate to left ventricular hypertrophy and atherosclerosis.