【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effects of hemodialysis with central venous catheterization (HDCVC) on urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (USPD). Methods This was a retrospective analysis on patients receiving USPD. According to whether the patient had HD-CVC before USPD, they were divided into USPD group (without HD-CVC before USPD) and HD-PD group (pretreated with HD-CVC for less than 2 weeks and then with USPD) and followed up for one year. Clinical biochemical indexes, dialysis dose, urine volume, residual renal function, dialysis adequacy, peritoneal dialysis complications and technical survival rate were compared between the two groups. Results ①A total of 482 patients were enrolled in this study, including 315 (average age 48.56±14.92 years) in USPD group and 167 (average age 48.87±14.49 years) in HD-PD group. The gender, age, proportion of diabetic nephropathy, and creatinine, glomerular filtration rate and blood potassium before admission had no statistical significances between the two groups (χ2 or t=0.727, -0.223, 0.410, -1.824, -0.581 and -1.506 respectively; P=0.394, 0.824, 0.522, 0.069, 0.562 and 0.133 respectively). ② After PD for one month, residual renal function, UKt/V and TKt/V were significantly higher in USPD group than in HD-PD group (4.41±4.0ml/min, 0.79±0.44, and 2.17±1.39 respectively in USPD group; 3.67±2.39ml/min, 0.64±0.42 and 1.92±0.55 respectively in HD-PD group; t=2.026, 3.342 and 2.134 respectively; P=0.043, 0.001 and 0.033 respectively); blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were significantly lower in USPD group than in HD-PD group (17.79 ± 4.96mmol/L and 663.15 ± 182.03μmol/L respectively in USPD group; 19.08±8.21 mmol/L and 711.02±280.3μmol/L respectively in HD-PD group; t=-2.085 and -2.194 respectively; P=0.038 and 0.029 respectively). After PD for 6 months, urine volume was significantly higher in USPD group than in HD- PD group (964.84 ± 539.95ml/d in USPD group; 794.39 ± 569.17ml/d in HD- PD group; t=3.082, P=0.002). ③ Orifice infection rate, peritonitis infection rate, mechanical complications and technical survival rate were similar between the two groups (after PD for one month: χ2=1.434, 0.435, 0.199, and 0.059 respectively; P=0.231, 0.509, 0.656 and 0.807 respectively; after PD for 6 months: χ2=0.632, 0.532, 0.081 and 0.486 respectively; P=0.426, 0.466, 0.775 and 0.486 respectively; after PD for one year: χ2=0.847, 0.005, ＜0.000 and 1.254 respectively; P=0.357, 0.945, 0.997 and 0.263 respectively). Conclusion HD-CVC before USPD affected residual renal function and dialysis adequacy of the patients. Therefore, HD-CVC as a pretreatment is not recommended in end-stage renal disease patients required PD but without the indication of emergency dialysis.