关键词: 血液透析, 动脉中层钙化

Abstract: 【Abstract】With the progression of renal dysfunction in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, cardiovascular disease (CVD) becomes one of the main causes of death. Vascular calcification is one of the most common pathological changes in these patients. Vascular calcification accounted for about 30% of the total mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Vascular calcification is prevalent in CKD patients with or without dialysis due to the existence of a variety of risk factors. Vascular calcification can be found in intimal and/ or medial layers, but calcification in medial layer is the characteristic manifestation of CKD. Medial calcification is manifested by the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystal throughout the medial layer and spreading to all arterial layers. This is an active process of vascular smooth muscle cells to attract calcium and phosphorus. Clinical manifestations of vascular calcification are mainly the symptoms of organ involvement, including aortic arch calcification, blood access vessel calcification, simple vascular calcification score, abdominal aortic calcification, cardiac valve calcification, coronary artery calcification, etc. Intimal calcification is associated with ischemic heart disease, and medial layer calcification causes arterial stiffness, systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. The two types of calcification can induce cardiovascular events in different ways. The diagnosis of vascular calcification relies on imaging examination, including X-ray, CT, MRI and ultrasound examinations. Every method has its unique advantages. X-ray examination is cheaper and displays opaque foreign substances. CT clearly shows blood vessels, vascular lesions and 3-D imaging. MRI can be used for hemorrhagic lesions. Color Doppler ultrasound becomes more important for the diagnosis of vascular diseases.

Key words: Hemodialysis, Monckeberg's Medial Calcific Sclerosisartery