目的  分析透析中神经肌肉电刺激(neuromuscular electrical stimulation, NMES)对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者的影响。 方法  检索 PubMed、Web of science、 Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学数据库中的相关研究，采用Revman 5.4和STATA 15.1软件进行Meta分析。 结果  共纳入14项研究，806例患者。Meta分析结果显示：透析中NMES可以改善MHD患者股四头肌肌力(MD=4.53，95%CI：2.91～6.15，P＜0.001)；亚组分析显示刺激频率≥50 Hz(MD=7.56，95%CI：5.45～9.66，P＜0.001)，干预时间≥30 min(MD=4.72，95%CI：2.57～6.88，P＜0.001)的效果更佳。干预周期≥12周(MD=4.47，95%CI：2.63～6.30，P＜0.001)和＜12周(MD=4.82，95%CI：0.49～9.15，P=0.029)均能改善肌力，亚组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.020，P=0.882)。透析中NMES改善MHD患者6 min步行距离试验、计时起立行走测试和坐立试验(MD=33.71，95%CI：10.25～57.17，P=0.005；MD=-0.75，95%CI：-1.35～-0.16，P=0.013；MD=2.16，95%CI：1.51～2.80，P＜0.001)等身体功能指标。2组MHD患者在握力(MD=2.11，95%CI：-0.39～4.61，P=0.099)比较差异无统计学意义。 结论  透析中NMES能够改善MHD患者的下肢肌力和身体功能，医务人员可以根据患者情况制定个性化干预方案，以期取得更好的临床效果。

Objective: Analyzing the effects of intradialytic neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: Relevant studies were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed. A meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 and Stata 15.1 software. Results: A total of 14 studies involving 806 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that intradialytic NMES improved the quadriceps muscle strength in MHD patients (MD=4.53, 95%CI: 2.91~6.15, P<0.001), subgroup analyses revealed superior efficacy for stimulation frequencies≥50 Hz (MD=7.56, 95% CI: 5.45–9.66, P<0.001), and intervention durations≥30minutes (MD=4.72, 95% CI: 2.57–6.88, P<0.001). Intervention cycles ≥12 weeks (MD=4.47, 95% CI: 2.63–6.30, P<0.001) and <12 weeks (MD=4.82, 95% CI: 0.49–9.15, P=0.029) both improved muscle strength, but the difference between subgroups was not statistically significant (χ2=0.02,df=1,P=0.882). Intradialytic NMES improved the ?6-minute walk distance test, timed up and go test, and sit-to-stand test in MHD patients（MD=33.71，95%CI：10.25~57.17，P=0.005；MD=-0.75，95%CI：-1.35~-0.16，P=0.013；MD=2.16，95%CI：1.51~2.80，P＜0.001） and other indicators of physical functioning. There was no statistically significant difference in grip strength (MD=2.11, 95%CI: -0.39~4.61, P=0.099) between the two groups of MHD patients. Conclusion: Intradialytic NMES can improve the lower limb muscle strength and physical function of MHD patients, and medical staff can develop personalized intervention plans based on the patient's condition to achieve better clinical outcomes.