血液透析作为一种重要的肾脏替代治疗模式，为约80%的终末期肾病患者提供延续生命的方法。由于免疫功能低下、反复输血液制品及接受体外循环等因素，血液透析患者存在较高血源性传染病感染的风险，易感染乙型肝炎病毒、丙型肝炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒及梅毒螺旋体等病原体。根据最新版《医院感染监测标准》(WS/T312—2023)和《血液净化标准操作规程(2021版)》要求，需要定期对血液透析患者进行这4类传染病的监测。近年来，随着检验技术的发展，临床亟需对相关的检测技术及流程进行更新。为此，广东省医院协会临床实验室管理专业委员会携手多学科，结合临床检验、院感管理与肾内科的实践经验，组织国内相关专家制定了《血液透析患者4种血源性病原体检测及处理的专家共识》(简称本共识)。本共识力求系统解读现有检验技术，以达成病原体有效检测的目标，进而阻断其在血液透析人群中的传播。

Approximately 80% of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergo hemodialysis (HD) treatment. However, due to factors such as long-term catheter use and hypoalbuminemia, HD patients often face a heightened risk of infection, including blood-borne infectious diseases caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Treponema pallidum (causing syphilis). According to the latest Criteria for Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (WS/T312—2023) and the Standard Operating Procedures for Blood Purification (2021 Edition), outpatient HD patients are required to undergo monitoring for these four types of infectious diseases. Nevertheless, surveillance techniques are greatly influenced by detection methodologies and infection control measures. In recent years, with advances in laboratory technology, there is an urgent need to refine and update the relevant detection procedures and infection control measures. Therefore, to better protect HD patients and improve relevant technical requirements, the Guangdong Provincial Hospital Association Clinical Laboratory Management Professional Committee, in collaboration with multiple societies, organized an expert group based on the latest clinical practices and technological advancements in clinical laboratories, nosocomial infection management, and nephrology departments. The consensus document, authored by this expert group, aims to recommend the application of highly sensitive detection technologies, nosocomial infection prevention measures, and standardized diagnostic and therapeutic practices among healthcare professionals, thereby effectively controlling the transmission of blood-borne pathogens in HD patients.