目的 回顾性分析西藏地区最大的腹膜透析(peritoneal dialysis,PD)中心腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎(peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis,PDAP)的发生情况及临床结局，为进一步提高西藏地区PDAP的防治水平提供依据。 方法 收集2013年10月─2021年7月在西藏自治区人民医院治疗的PDAP患者的临床资料，将最终临床结局分为继续PD组和退出PD组，分析患者的临床特点，并探讨PDAP影响因素。 结果 研究期间共78例患者发生142例次PDAP。患者发生腹膜炎时的平均年龄为(46.5±14.7)岁，中位透析龄15(6，30)月。操作不规范49例次(34.5%)，是PDAP发生的主要原因之一。所有患者中119例次(83.8%)进行了PD流出液病原学培养，其中38例次(31.9%)为表皮葡萄球菌，培养阴性58例次(48.7%)。78例患者中55例继续PD，23例退出PD。与继续PD组相比，退出PD组患者发生PDAP 3次及以上的比例更高(χ2=7.831,P=0.020)、血清白蛋白水平更低(t=-2.361,P=0.021)、第5日透出液白细胞数量更高(Z=-2.379,P=0.015)。多因素Logistic回归显示：发生PDAP 3次及以上是患者退出PD的独立危险因素(OR=5.155,95%CI：1.351～19.677,P=0.016)，高血清白蛋白水平是患者退出PD的保护因素(OR=0.875,95%CI：0.777～0.987,P=0.029)。 结论 操作不规范导致的表皮葡萄球菌感染是西藏地区PDAP发生的重要原因，反复发生PDAP和血白蛋白水平是患者退出PD的独立影响因素。需加强对藏区PD患者的培训和再教育，改善营养状态，从而降低PDAP发生率和因PDAP导致的技术失败率。

Objective To retrospectively analyze the occurrence and clinical outcomes of peritoneal dialysis‑associated peritonitis (PDAP) at the largest peritoneal dialysis (PD) center in Xizang, and to provide evidence for improving the prevention and management of PDAP in this region. Methods Clinical data of patients with PDAP treated at the People's Hospital of Xizang Autonomous Region from October 2013 to July 2021 were collected. Patients were divided into a continued‑PD group and a PD‑withdrawal group based on final clinical outcomes. Clinical characteristics were analyzed, and factors influencing PDAP outcomes were explored. Results During the study period, 78 patients experienced 142 episodes of PDAP. The mean age at the time of peritonitis was (46.5±14.7) years, with a median dialysis vintage of 15 (6, 30) months. Non‑standard operation was identified in 49 episodes (34.5%), representing one of the leading causes of PDAP. Pathogenic culture of PD effluent was performed in 119 episodes (83.8%), among which 38 episodes (31.9%) were positive for Staphylococcus epidermidis, and 58 episodes (48.7%) yielded negative culture results. Regarding final outcomes among the 78 patients, 55 continued PD and 23 withdrew from PD. Compared with the continued‑PD group, the PD‑withdrawal group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who experienced three or more PDAP episodes (χ²=7.831, P=0.020), lower serum albumin levels (t=‑2.361, P=0.021), and higher effluent white blood cell counts on day 5 (Z=‑2.379, P=0.015). Multivariate logistic regression showed that three or more PDAP episodes was an independent risk factor for PD withdrawal (OR=5.155, 95% CI: 1.351～19.677, P=0.016), while higher serum albumin was a protective factor (OR=0.875, 95% CI: 0.777～0.987, P=0.029).  Conclusion Staphylococcal epidermidis infections due to improper procedures are prominent causes of PDAP in Xizang. Recurrent PDAP and hypoalbuminemia are independent risk factors for PD withdrawal. Strengthening training and re-education for PD patients in Xizang, along with improving nutritional status, may help reduce PDAP incidence and subsequent technique failure.