【摘要】目的 探讨终末期肾病透析患者伴发神经系统损害的病因。方法 回顾性分析我院36名死亡的慢性肾衰透析患者伴发抽搐的原因。结果 共有15例患者在其疾病发展过程中有抽搐发作，其中6例患者因尿毒症脑病、7例因脑血管意外、2例因严重低钙血症引起抽搐。尿毒症脑病多发生于反复腹腔感染，透析不充分的连续性非卧床腹膜透析患者；脑血管意外尤其是脑出血多发生于血液透析患者。结论 透析患者伴发抽搐主要是与中分子物质在体内蓄积、脑血管意外和严重低钙血症有关。应保证透析充分性，积极纠正急慢性并发症。

【Abstract】 Objective To detect the causes of neurological complications presenting in dialysis patients.Methods we conducted a retrospective study to analysis the causes of seizure in 36 died dialysis patients.Results 15 of 36 patients compalicated with seizure in the course of disease. Uremic encephalopathy caused seizure in 6 cases; event of cerebrovascular in 7 cases and serious hypocalcemia in 2 cases.Conclusion Retention of middle molecule uremic toxin,event of cerebrovascular and low serum calcium are the main causes of seizure in dialysis patients.