目的 观察不同年龄组血液透析中高血压及低血压的发生率，对有关因素及与超滤量（UFV）和 每公斤体重超滤量（UFV/W）的关系进行分析。方法 对我院常规透析的20例患者的1575例次的透析进行观察分析。结果 老年组患者高血压发生率小于非老年组，而低血压发生率较非老年组显著提高。糖尿病、冠心病、心包积液、充血性心力衰竭等并发症的发生率也大于非老年组。老年组透析期间发生低血压时较其正常血压时UFV/W明显增高，UFV无显著性差异。非老年组透析期间发生低血压时较其正常血压时UFV明显增高，UFV/W无显著差异。两组血压增高时分别与其正常血压时UFV及UFV/W无明显差异。结论 血液透析中UFV或UFV/W过高是血压降低的关键，尤其是老年患者。

Objectives To observe the frequency of hypertension and hypotension during hemodialysis sessions between different aged patients, and to analyse the relationship between correlated factors and the ultrafiltration volume(UFV),and the ultrafiltration/body weight(UFV/W). Methods We observed and analysed 1575 hemodialysis sessions in 20 patients who underwent regular hemodialysis in our hospital. Results The frequency of hypertension during dialysis was lower in the old aged group, while the frequency of hypotension was significantly higher compared with that in the younger aged group,as well as coexisting conditions as diabetes、coronary heart diseases、pericardial effusion and congestive heart failure. In the old aged group, the UFV/W incureased significantly while hypotension occurred, there were no significant difference of UFV. In the younger aged group, the UFV increased significantly while hypotension occurred, there were no significant difference of UFV/W. The occurrence of hypertension was not related with the increase of UFV or UFV/W. Conclusions The marked increase of UFV and UFV/W during hemodialysis was a key factor in the occurrence of hypotension, especially in the elderly patients.