【摘要】目的 探讨慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)血液透析患者感染的临床特点和相关因素。方法 回顾分析76例CRF透析患者的感染部位、病原菌种类、免疫功能、营养状况、肾功能、原发病因等与感染的相关性。结果 感染组36例患者共发生感染48例次，肺部感染和静脉导管感染最常见。行各类标本细菌培养42例次，培养阳性28例，病原学检查以革兰氏阴性杆菌（31.0%）常见。感染组血红蛋白，血清白蛋白明显降低。糖尿病和SLE患者感染发生率高。结论 CRF患者感染发病率高，积极改善营养状况，尽可能减少侵入性医学手段，有助于预防及早期、治疗感染。

【Abstract】Objective To investigate the characteristic and possible risk in patients with chronic renal failure（CRF） undergoing hemodialysis. Methods The relationship among infection and etiologies of infection，immunity，nutritional status，renal function，causes of CRF were retrospectively analyzed in 76 CRF patients undergoing hemodialysis. Results 48 times infection were observed among the 36 patients，pulmonary and vascular access infection were most common.28 times positive in 42 times etiologic detection，Gram-negatives germ were most common.（31.0%）.Hemoglobin and serum albumin decrease obviously in infectious patients.Diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus patients were more susceptible to infection. Conclusions The prevalence of infection was high in dialysis patients，minimizing insertion of catheter，improving nutritional status was contribute to prevent and treat infections．