目的 探讨长期维持性血液透析（ HD）患者感染丙型肝炎与血液透析、输血的关系及临床指导意义。方法 用ELISA和PCR法检测242例血液透析患者血清中抗HCV和HCV-RNA。结果 血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒感染明显高于对照组（P＜0.01），血液透析患者输血组明显高于非输血组 （P ＜ 0.01），血液透析患者输血组与非输血组，乙型肝炎病毒感染差异无显著性（P＞0.05）。结论 血液透析易感染丙型肝炎病毒，输血是引起血液透析患者丙型肝炎病毒感染的最主要原因。接受异体输血的次数和量越多，感染的机率越大，阳性检出率则越高。

Objective To investigate the relationship between HCV infection and blood transfusion of maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods The HCV antibody and HCV-RNA of 242 hemodialysis patients were detected by EUSA and PCR method. Results The HCV infection rate of hemodialysis patients was higher than control group (P<0.01). And the infection rate of hemodialysis patients received blood transfusion was higher than the patients who had not received ( P<0.01). But there was no significant difference in HBV infection. Conclusions Hemodialysis patients are susceptible to HCV infection, blood transfusion is the main cause of infection, and the infection rate is positively related to the quantity and times of transfusion.