目的 提高对长期血液透析患者获得性肾囊肿及肾细胞癌的发病和临床特点的认识。方法 回顾性分析38例长期血液透析患者获得性肾囊肿及肾细胞癌的发病及其临床资料，并进行对比分析。结果 136例长期血液透析患者中38例发生获得性肾囊肿，占27.94%，38例获得性肾囊肿中2例发生肾细胞癌，占5.26%。结论 终末期肾病患者获得性肾囊肿的发生率与透析治疗的时程呈正相关，有获得性肾囊肿的透析患者有较高的肾细胞癌发生率。

Objective To perspectively evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of acquired cystic kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma in hemodialysis patients. Methods The prevalence and clinical characteristics of 38 patients with acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) and renal cell carcinoma in a total of 136 consecutive hemodialysis patients reviewed and analyze. Result Thirty-eight (27.94%) of 136 maintenance hemodialysis patients had ACKD, two patients (5.26%) had histologically proven localized renal cell carcinoma (unilateral). Conclusion The prevalence of ACKD is positively related to the duration of dialysis, the high prevalence of renal cell carcinoma is related to ACKD in maintenance hemodialysis patients.