目的 探讨维持性血液透析对尿毒症患者心脏结构及功能的影响。方法 将54例慢性肾衰竭 患者分为慢性肾功能不全组、尿毒症组、维持性血液透析组，用M超声心动图测定室间隔厚度、左心室壁厚度、左心室舒张末内径（LVDd）、射血分数，分析维持性血液透析对心脏结构及功能的影响。结果 ①肾功能不全组与尿毒症组、透析组相比左心室舒张末内径增大差异有显著性；尿毒症组与透析组相比左心室舒张末内径差异无显著性；②肾功能不全组与尿毒症组、透析组相比室间隔厚度、左心室壁厚度及射血分数差异无显著性。结论 慢性肾衰竭患者左心室增大，心功能的改变为舒张功能降低，维持性血液透析对尿毒症患者的舒张功能无明显改善。

Objective To elucidate the effect of maintenance hemodialysis on cardiac structure and heart function in patients with uremia. Methods Fifty-four chronic renal failure were divided into three groups including patients chronic renal dysfunction group, uremia group and maintenance hemodialysis group according to their renal function. The left ventricle and cardiac function were assessed with echocardiograph for analyzing the effect of the structure and function of heart on maintenance homdialysis. Results ①There were significant differentce in the left ventricular diastolic diameter between chronic renal dysfunction group and uremia group and no significant difference in the left ventricular diastolic diameter between uremia group and maintenance dialysis group; ② There were no significant differentce in interventricular septum thickness, left ventricle posterior wall thickness and ejection fraction among the three groups. Conclusion The patients with uremia suffered from enlarged left ventricle and the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Maintenance hemodialysis coule not improve the left ventricular diastolic function.