目的 探讨高通量透析对维持性透析患者事件相关电位P300(简称P300)影响，进而了解高通量透析在改善维持性透析患者认知功能中的价值。方法 选择68例须行维持性透析的终末期肾衰竭（End Stage Renal Disease ，ESRD）患者，高通量透析组（简称高通组）38例，常规透析组（简称低通组）30例，分别测定两组研究开始前、后1年P300的潜伏期、波幅。结果 高通组治疗前P300潜伏期、波幅为：(398.6±38.5)ms、(7.3±1.21)uv、低通组治疗前P300的潜伏期、波幅为(410.3±49.7)ms、(6.9±1.03)uv，差异无显著性(P＞均0.05)，治疗1年后高通组的潜伏期、波幅为(320.6±31.95)ms、(8.5 ±1.02)uv，而低通组P300的潜伏期、波幅为(390.6±42.8)ms、(6.5±1.12)uv，差异有显著性(P均＜0.01)。结论：不同透析方式对维持性透析患者P300的影响有显著性差异，高通量透析可改善维持性透析患者的认知功能。

Objective To explore high-flux hemodialysis (HFHD) on changes of event-related potentials P300, and the value of HFHD in improving cognition function in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods We treated 68 patients with end stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis and assigned them into 2 groups: high-flux hemodialysis group (n=38) and conventional hemodialysis group (CHD, n=30). The latency and amplitude of P300 were examined before treatment and after the treatment for one year. Results Before the treatment, the latency and amplitude of P300 were 398.6±38.5ms and 7.3±1.21μv, respectively, in HFHD group, and were 410.3±49.7ms and 6.9±1.03μv, respectively, in CHD group. No significant differences were found between the 2 groups (P>0.05). After the treatment, the latency and amplitude of P300 were 320.6±31.95ms and 8.5±1.02μv, respectively, in HFHD group, and were 390.6±42.8ms and 6.5±1.12μv, respectively, in CHD group. The differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusions In maintenance hemodialysis patients using HFHD, changes of P300 latency and amplitude were significant, as compared with those using CHD. Therefore, HFHD may improve cognition function in maintenance hemodialysis patients.