【摘要】目的 通过事件相关电位P300探讨尿毒症患者认知功能，以及血液透析、血液透析滤过对尿毒症患者认知功能的影响。方法 52例尿毒症患者随机分为血液透析组31例，血液透析滤过组21例，分别接受血液透析、血液透析滤过治疗1月，测定两组患者治疗前后P300，以同期健康体检者作对照。结果 ①尿毒症患者P300异常率为86.6%，高于健康对照组，表现为P300潜伏期延长，波幅降低；②血液透析及血液透析滤过组患者治疗后P300的异常率较治疗前明显下降，同治疗前比较，潜伏期缩短，波幅增高，上述改变血液透析滤过组较血液透析组更明显。结论 慢性肾衰竭尿毒症患者认知功能障碍发生率高，血液净化可以明显改善尿毒症患者的认知功能，血液透析滤过优于血液透析。

【Abstract】 Objective To study cognition function in uremic patients and the changes of cognition function after hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration by examination of event-related potentials P300. Methods P300 was determined in 31 patients treated with hemodialysis, 21 patients treated with heomdiafiltration and 49 normal controls. Results P300 was abnormal in 86.6% uremic patients. The P300 demonstrated prolonged latency and decreased amplitude as compared with those of the control group. Conclusions Cognition function was abnormal in most uremic patients Blood purification, especially heomdiafiltration, improves cognition function in these patients.