【摘要】目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘血栓形成的影响因素。方法 观察首次动静脉造瘘的患者176例，每半年测定血清ALB、CRP、BUN、β2-MG、iPTH以及血浆Fib和Hb等项目1次。对其中122例最终因血栓形成导致内瘘失功的患者进行相关因素与动静脉内瘘寿命之间COX回归分析和各相关因素之间多元线性回归统计分析。 结果 动静脉内瘘血栓形成与原发病为糖尿病、ALB、CRP 、Fib存在回归关系；CRP与ALB、Fib存在线性回归关系。 结论 糖尿病、CRP、Fib是动静脉内瘘血栓形成的危险因素，ALB是动静脉内瘘的保护因素。而CRP升高能引起ALB降低、Fib升高。

【Abstract】Objective To investigate the influential factors relating to thrombosis in internal arteriovenous fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Methods One hundred and seventy six cases with artificial arteriovenous fistulae for the first time were included in this study. Serum albumin, C-reactive protein, urea nitrogen, β-microglobulin and iPTH, plasma fibrinogen, and hemoglobin were assayed twice every year. In 122 cases with vascular access failure due to thrombosis in their internal arteriovenous fistulae, COX regression analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the correlation of these factors with the life span of arteriovenous fistulae. Result Diabetes, serum albumin, serum C-reactive protein and plasma fibrinogen correlated with the thrombosis in internal arteriovenous fistulae; Serum C-reactive protein linearly correlated with serum albumin and plasma fibrinogen. Conclusion Diabetes, serum albumin, serum C-reactive protein, and plasma fibrinogen were the risk factors relating to thrombosis in internal arteriovenous fistula. Serum albumin was a protective factor. Increase of serum C-reactive protein induced the lower level of serum albumin and the higher level of plasma fibrinogen.