【摘要】 目的 探讨通过护理干预(完善术前护理宣教模式)对降低肾穿刺活检术后床上排尿障碍的作用。方法 通过采取前瞻性分析的方法，观察肾穿刺术后排尿障碍的发生率，并与护理干预之前的情况进行了比较，对481例肾穿刺活检术患者进行统计分析，干预组为2008年1月至12月间行肾穿刺活检术患者245例，采用改善后的护理宣教模式进行术前指导；对照组为2007年1月至12月间行肾穿刺活检术患者236例，采用以往的口头护理宣教模式进行术前指导。结果 两组间患者的年龄和性别比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。对照组肾穿刺活检术后24 h内床上排尿障碍的发生率为5.51%(13/236)；干预组的发生率为2.45%(6/245)，两组间排尿障碍发生率采用卡方检验比较，差异有统计学意义(2=4.267,P＜0.05)。结论 提示经过护理干预，对患者进行准确、规范和具体的护理宣教，并认真检查患者的实施，能降低肾穿刺活检术后24 h内床上排尿障碍发生率。

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of nursing intervention (improved preoperative instruction mode) before renal puncture biopsy in reducing postoperative dysuresia on bed. Method We prospectively observed the prevalence of postoperative dysuresia, and compared the prevalence rate before and after nursing intervention. A total of 481 patients with renal puncture biopsy were enrolled in this study. The intervention group included 245 patients admitted for renal puncture biopsy in the period of Jan. to Dec. 2007, and were given instructions following improved preoperative instruction mode. The 236 patients in the control group were admitted for renal puncture biopsy during Jan. to Dec. 2007, and were given routine preoperative oral instructions. Results There were no significant differences in age and gender between the two groups (P>0.05). The prevalence of postoperative dysuresia on bed was 5.51% (13/236) in the control group and 2.45% (6/245) in the intervention group (&#61539;2=4.267, P<0.05). Conclusions Nursing intervention with standard, precise, and descriptive instructions of improved instruction mode can reduce the prevalence of dysuresia on bed after renal puncture biopsy.