目的探讨腹膜透析患者门诊随访频率与生存率之间的的相关关系及其影响因素。方法入选2006年8月至2008年8月新进入腹膜透析患者202例，按其门诊随访频率分为1月随访组和1月以上随访组，调查病人的一般资料、实验室检查指标、营养状态、合并症发生情况，以及至2011年9月为止的转归情况。结果两组病人在开始腹膜透析时，除居住地为非城市者比例(p=0.005)外，其余指标差异无统计学意义(p>0.05)。在研究终点，与1月随访组病人相比，1月以上随访组病人高血压的发生率较高(p=0.000)，血白蛋白水平较低(p=0.028)，血磷水平较高(p=0.001)，以SGA评估的营养不良发生率较高(p=0.046)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示1月随访组的病人生存率和技术生存率明显高于1月以上随访组(p=0.001，p=0.002)。结论每月1次的门诊随访频率可以使腹膜透析病人获得更好的预后。【关键词】腹膜透析；门诊；随访；生存率

Objective To investigate the relationshipbetween outpatient follow-up frequency and survival in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and its influential factors. MethodThe study enrolled 202 incident patients who started PD between September 2006 and September 2008.All of them was divided into two groups according to outpatientfollow-up frequency, one group who were followed up once a month,and the other group who were followed up more than one month.The general information and clinical data were reviewed retrospectively, includinglaboratory indexes,nutrition state, comorbidities,and outcome. ResultsThere were no significant differences between two groups on thebaseline, exceptthe proportion of residence inrural(p=0.005). At the end-point of research, the groupwho were followed up more than one month had higher incidenceof hypertension (p=0.000)，lower of serum albumin (p=0.028), higher of serum phosphorus(p=0.001), and higher incidenceof malnutrition evaluated by SGA (p=0.046). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis had shown that the groupwho were followed up once a month had higher patient survival and technical survival than the groupwho wre followed up more than one month significantly (p=0.001, p=0.002).ConclusionThe outpatient follow-uponce a month can result inbetterprognosis in PD patients.