关键词: 血液透析, 多重耐药菌, 脓毒症, 标准预防, 接触隔离

Abstract: nfection is the second leading cause of hospitalization and death, and ranks only behind cardiovascular diseases in hemodialysis patients owing to impaired immunity and the dialysis involving frequent extracorporeal circulation. Multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDROs) are microorganisms resistant to most antibacterial drugs and have higher survival ability and transmissibility. MDROs are easily colonized in human body but are difficult to be eliminated. Maintenance hemodialysis patients are susceptible to MDROs, resulting in serious consequences that threaten medical safety of the patients and consume more medical resources. Blood purification centers are the key places that spread MDROs and require strictly preventive strategies. In addition to the standard preventive measures, effective system support, personnel training, appropriate use of antibiotics, microbiological monitoring, etc are critical to the control of MDRO infections. This paper reviews the prevalence and control measures of MDROs, the impact of preventive measures on patients, current situation and obstructions in blood purification centers, in order to provide references for effective prevention and control of MDRO infections in different levels of blood purification centers. In view of current fact that most blood purification centers do not have the environment to strictly isolate MDRO infected hemodialysis patients, future investigations should be focused on the standardized MDRO preventive protocols.

Key words: Hemodialysis, Multi-drug resistant bacteria, Sepsis, Standard prevention, Contact isolation