【Abstrat】Objective To explore the treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related recurrent peritonitis. Methods Recurrent peritonitis was diagnosed when the peritonitis recurred in 4 weeks after the completion of antibiotic therapy caused by the same organism or without bacteria in bacterial culture. We retrospectively analyzed the recurrent peritonitis cases in the Peritoneal Dialysis Center, Peking University First Hospital from Nov. 2005 to Oct. 2008. Their demographic data, clinical features, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome were collected. Results The 6 recurrent peritonitis cases were 3 males and 3 females, with the median age of 60.5±12.8 years. Three of them were complicated with diabetes. The median dialysis vintage when they first experienced peritonitis was 17.5 (1 to 88) months. There were totally 20 episodes of peritonitis in the 6 cases, and every case had more than one episode of peritonitis. Bacterial culture for peritoneal fluid showed staphylococcus epidermidis in 3 cases and staphylococcus aureus in 2 cases. Regular antibiotics therapy was administered in the first few days of infection, and then the therapy was changed to the antibiotics sensitive to the pathogen according to laboratory result. Symptoms were minor and easy to be controlled by antibiotic therapy. The disease severity score (DSS) was 1 in 5 patients and 0 in one patient. All of them recovered to the score of 0 within 3 days after antibiotic therapy. Peritonitis recurred after withdrawal of antibiotic therapy with the average interval between the 2 episodes of 2.4 weeks (4 days to 4 weeks). Change the catheter with a new one was performed in 5 cases, and insertion of a new catheter after removal of the catheter for 2 weeks was conducted in one case. These cases had no recurrent peritonitis any more for more than 8 months after catheter exchange. Conclusions Catheter exchange combined with optimal antibiotic therapy is an effective way to eradicate recurrent peritonitis in PD patients.