中国血液净化

中国血液净化 ›› 2018, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (11): 780-784.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4091.2018.11.015

• 护理研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

224 例维持性血液透析患者跌倒发生率调查及影响因素分析

张鸿婵1,2,樊蓉1,吕桂兰1   

  1. 1. 南京总医院国家肾脏疾病临床医学研究中心全军肾脏病研究所血液净化中心
    2. 南京大学医学院护理专业
  • 收稿日期:2018-07-16 修回日期:2018-09-03 出版日期:2018-11-12 发布日期:2018-11-13
  • 通讯作者: 吕桂兰 2271500539@qq.com E-mail:2271500539@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    南京军区医药卫生科研基金(3106120)：创伤性伤员批量救治中连续性血液净化应用的护理研究(15MS122)

Investigation on the incidence of fall and its related factors in 224 patients with maintenance hemodialysis

  • Received:2018-07-16 Revised:2018-09-03 Online:2018-11-12 Published:2018-11-13

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摘要： 【摘要】目的了解维持性血液透析患者跌倒发生率，分析跌倒发生基本特征及影响因素，为临床护理制定干预策略提供参考依据。方法采用便利抽样原则，对某三级甲等医院血液净化中心224 名接受维持性透析治疗患者进行问卷调查，内容为过去1 年内是否发生跌倒，跌倒的场所、原因、部位、受伤及恢复情况；计算发生率并通过多元回归分析跌倒影响因素。结果224 例患者1 年内跌倒发生率为20%。跌倒好发地点为马路(28.3%)、家中地面(26%)、卫生间(13%)；常见原因为滑倒(38.6%)、身体不适跌倒(36.4%)、绊倒(16%)；跌倒部位前3 位为腿部(37%)、骶尾部(26%)、头面部(15.2%)；受伤情况中15.9%的跌倒导致了骨折或骨裂；大部分患者跌倒后能在3 个月内恢复。导致患者跌倒的影响因素有年龄、透析年限、透析中低血压、血红蛋白水平。结论血液透析患者跌倒发生率高，危害后果严重，护士需加强对高龄、透析年限较长、易发生透析中低血压、低血红蛋白水平患者的护理，做好跌倒的评估和预防。

关键词: 血液透析, 跌倒, 发生率, 影响因素分析

Abstract: 【Abstract】Objectives To understand the incidence of fall, its characteristics and influence factors in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients in order to provide a reference for nursing strategies. Methods A total of 224 MHD patients treated in the blood purification center of a grade Ⅲ hospital from May 2017 to
April 2018 and recruited by convenience sampling method were enrolled in this study. A survey was made to investigate fall number in a year, place, main cause and site of the fall(s), injuries due to the falls, and recovery information. The incidence was calculated and the influence factors were analyzed by multivariate regression. Results The incidence of fall was 20% within a year. The fall occurred frequently in street, at home or in toilet room. The falls may cause severe injuries. The influence factors for falls included older age, longer dialysis period, intradialytic hypotention and lower hemoglobin level. Conclusion The incidence of fall was higher in MHD patient. The falls may cause severe injuries. The assessment and prevention of fall and the nursing for falls should be intensified for the MHD patients with older age, longer dialysis period, intradialytic hypotention and lower hemoglobin level

Key words: Hemodialysis, Fall, Incidence, Influence factor