中国血液净化

中国血液净化 ›› 2026, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (01): 40-43.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4091.2026.01.009

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维持性血液透析患者自体动静脉内瘘血栓形成机制及危险因素研究现状

杨宇涛  李 文  阮 琳   杨艳丽   任广伟   张丽红   

  1. 050023 石家庄，1河北医科大学第一医院肾内科
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-17 修回日期:2025-09-08 出版日期:2026-01-12 发布日期:2025-12-31
  • 通讯作者: 李文 E-mail:liwen-2007yy@163.com
  • 基金资助:

Research status about the mechanism and risk factors of thrombosis in autologous arteriovenous fistula in maintenance hemodialysis patients

YANG Yu-tao, LI Wen, RUAN Lin, YANG Yan-li, REN Guang-wei, ZHANG Li-hong   

  1. Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shjiazhuang 050023, China
  • Received:2025-04-17 Revised:2025-09-08 Online:2026-01-12 Published:2025-12-31
  • Contact: 050023 石家庄，1河北医科大学第一医院肾内科 E-mail:liwen-2007yy@163.com
  • Supported by:

摘要： 目前，维持性血液透析患者血管通路主要以自体动静脉内瘘(autologous arteriovenous fistula,AVF)、移植物动静脉内瘘(arteriovenous graft,AVG)、中心静脉导管(central venous catheter,CVC)组成。自体AVF作为各指南推荐的首选血管通路，也是我国血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)患者主要的血管通路类型。功能良好的血管通路是保证透析治疗的基础，但AVF的成熟、狭窄、闭塞及血栓形成等不良事件为HD患者的常见问题。其中动静脉内瘘血栓可直接导致透析过程中断，更可能导致AVF废弃。因此为了更好的预防AVF血栓形成，减少AVF失功。本文就AVF血栓形成机制及影响因素进行综述。

关键词: 维持性血液透析, 自体动静脉内瘘, 血栓形成, 狭窄

Abstract: Nowadays maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) uses the vascular access of autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF), graft arteriovenous fistula (AVG) or central venous catheter (CVC), in which AVF is the preferred vascular access route recommended by various guidelines and is also the main method for MHD patients in China. Well-functioning vascular access is essential to hemodialysis, while adverse events in AVF including late maturation, stenosis, occlusion and thrombosis often disturb the hemodialysis. Thrombosis in AVF directly leads to lower hemodialysis efficiency or even completely interrupts the hemodialysis. Here we summarize the mechanism and influencing factors of thrombosis in AVF in order to prevent this event from happening.

Key words: Maintenance hemodialysis, Autogenous arteriovenous fistula, Thrombosis, Stenosis

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