【Abstract】Objectives To explore the effect of crude fibers in dietary structure on the nutritional status and constipation in patients with long-term hemodialysis. Method A total of 120 patients with long-term hemodialysis treated in the Second People's Hospital of Three Gorges University were divided into dietary fiber group (n=60) and conventional group(n=60), based on their nutritional intervention methods. Conventional diet was taken by the patients in the two groups, and dietary crude fibers were increased on the basis of conventional diet in dietary fiber group. Nutritional index, renal function index and constipation symptom score before and after the intervention were compared between the two groups. Results After the intervention, the nutritional indices of Hb, ALB and circumference of upper arms(AMC) improved in both groups, and the improvement was better in dietary fiber group than in conventional group (t=4.022, 4.272 and 8.640 respectively; P＜0.001); the renal function indices of BUN, Scr, UA, Kt/V and β2-MG improved in both groups, and the improvement was also better in dietary fiber group than in conventional group (t=3.342, 4.994, 8.590, 3.184 and 4.192 respectively; P=0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, 0.002 and＜0.001 respectively); the constipation symptom scores of defecation difficulties, time and frequency, the appearance of stools, unpleasant and distention feelings in lower abdomen were better in dietary fiber group than in conventional group (t=6.862, 4.477, 10.505, 4.265, 2.559 and 5.972 respectively; P＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, 0.012 and＜0.001 respectively). Conclusion Crude fibers in nutritional diet used for long-term hemodialysis patients can effectively improve their nutritional status and constipation symptoms as well as their hemodialysis efficiency. Therefore, this method is worthy to be promoted clinically.