中国血液净化

中国血液净化 ›› 2025, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (09): 764-770.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-4091.2025.09.009

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

维持性血液透析患者不宁腿综合征发生率及风险因素的Meta分析

郑敏瑶    郑友文     楚 鑫    何 艳   

  1. 610075 成都，成都中医药大学1护理学院 2临床医学院
    610072 成都，3成都中医药大学附属医院护理部
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-24 修回日期:2025-04-23 出版日期:2025-09-12 发布日期:2025-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 楚鑫 E-mail:18981883803@163.com

Meta-analysis on the incidence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome in maintenance hemodialysis patients

ZHENG Min-yao, ZHENG You-wen, CHU Xin, HE Yan   

  1. School of Nursing and 2Clinical Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China; 3Nursing Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
  • Received:2025-01-24 Revised:2025-04-23 Online:2025-09-12 Published:2025-09-12
  • Contact: 610072 成都，3成都中医药大学附属医院护理部 E-mail:18981883803@163.com

摘要： 目的 系统评价维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis，MHD)患者不宁腿综合征(restless legs syndrome，RLS)的发生率及风险因素。 方法 在PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase、the Cochrane Library、SinoMed、中国知网、万方、维普数据库中检索相关研究。检索时间从数据库建立至2024年12月，采用Stata 17.0统计软件进行Meta分析。 结果 共纳入43篇文献，总样本量12 333例，发生RLS患者2519例，共涉及12项风险因素。Meta分析结果显示MHD患者RLS发生率为24.8%(95% CI:21.1%～28.5%)。RLS发生的风险因素包括女性(OR=1.332，95% CI:1.231～1.441，P＜0.001)、透析龄长(OR=1.037，95% CI:1.014～1.060，P=0.001)、高β2-微球蛋白(OR=1.160，95% CI:1.019～1.320，      P=0.025)、血磷(OR=1.591，95% CI:1.238～2.044，P＜0.001)、同型半胱氨酸(OR=1.252，95%CI:1.135～1.381，P＜0.001)水平，保护因素为高水平维生素D(OR=0.909，95% CI:0.831～0.995，P=0.038)。 结论 MHD患者RLS发生率较高，医护人员应依据风险因素早期识别RLS并采取相应的预防措施和干预策略以降低RLS发生率，改善患者的生活质量。

关键词: 维持性血液透析, 不宁腿综合征, 发生率, 风险因素

Abstract: Objective   To conduct a meta-analysis on the incidence and risk factors of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).  Methods  We searched the databases including PubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, the Cochrane Library, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP from inception of the databases to December 2024. Stata 17.0 statistical software was employed for the meta-analysis.  Results  A total of 43 studies were included, with a total sample size of 12,333 patients among whom 2,519 were diagnosed with RLS. Twelve risk factors were identified. Meta-analysis revealed that the incidence of RLS in MHD patients was 24.8% (95% CI:21.1～28.5%). Risk factors for RLS included female gender (OR=1.332, 95% CI:1.231～1.441, P＜0.001), duration of dialysis (OR=1.037, 95% CI: 1.014～1.060, P=0.001), β2-microglobulin (OR=1.160, 95% CI:1.019～1.320, P=0.025), serum phosphorus (OR=1.591, 95% CI: 1.238～2.044, P＜0.001) and serum homocysteine (OR=1.252, 95% CI: 1.135～1.381, P＜0.001). High level of serum vitamin D (OR=0.909, 95% CI: 0.831～0.995, P=0.038) was a protective factor.  Conclusion  The incidence of RLS is relatively high in MHD patients. Healthcare professionals should identify RLS early based on risk factors and implement corresponding preventive measures and intervention strategies to reduce the incidence of RLS to improve patients' quality of life.

Key words: Maintenance hemodialysis, Restless legs syndrome, Incidence rate, Risk factor 

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