Objective To observe the prevalence and clinical relevance of hepatitis B,C infection in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods HBV markers and anti-HCV of 53 MHD patients were deteded by enzyme-linked immunosorbrent assay (ELISA) methed,and HCV-RNA of those patients were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Clinical data of these patients was analysed retrospectively. Results The incidence of hepatitis B in MHD patients was 22.6%, hepatitis C was 41.5%. and the total infectious rate of HBV / HCV was 49.1%. There were significant differencd of blood transfusion times and the HD therapy duration between the positive group and the negative group of HCV infeation. But no significant variation of HBV infection was detected in the two group. Conclusion Viral hepatitis was one of the major complications in MHD patients. The incidence of HCV infection was the highest. Improving the disinfections methods, selecting blood donors strictly and reducing blood transfusion are crucial on reducing the incidence of viral hepatitis in MHD patients.