目的 了解慢性肾脏病患者焦虑和抑郁的发生情况及其危险因素。方法 采用横断面调查，对住院患者进行SAS 和SDS量表测评。结果 慢性肾脏病患者焦虑和抑郁的发生率分别为53.4%、60.9%，其中肾功能不全组又明显高于肾功能正常组，焦虑的发生率分别为72.9%、23.9%；抑郁发生率分别为74.3%、39.5%。尿毒症患者不同的替代治疗方式对焦虑的发生和抑郁严重程度的分布有影响,肾移植患者焦虑的发生率最低。多因素分析表明Ccr降低（OR=0.911,0.831～0.999）、自费(OR=3.528,95%CI：1.242 ～10.018）和家庭低收入(OR=3.493,95%CI：1.252～9.747)是抑郁的危险因素；Ccr降低(OR=0.973，0.959 ～0.981)和家庭低收入是焦虑的危险因素（OR=2.571，95%CI：1.108 ～5.969）。结论 慢性肾脏病患者，特别是肾功能不全患者，焦虑和抑郁的发生率高于普通人群；Ccr降低是焦虑和抑郁的危险因素。医药费来源于属于自费和低家庭收入是抑郁发生的危险因素；低家庭收入是焦虑发生的危险因素。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic renal disease and risk factors for affective disorder. Methods It is a cross-section survey. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were administered to hospitalized patients. Results The prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with chronic renal disease were 54.3% and 60.9% respectively. Patients with chronic renal failure suffered more anxiety and depression than patients without renal failure, the prevalence were 72.9% vs. 23.9% and 74.3% vs. 39.5% respectiving. The prevalence of anxiety and severity of depression were different according to the different replacement treatments in uremia. Kidney transplant recipients suffered less anxiety. That the way of payment of medical expenditure such as at their own expenses (OR=3.528, 95%CI: 1.242～10.018), decreased Ccr (OR =0.911, 0.831～0.999) and low family income (OR=3.493,95%CI:1.252～9.474) were risk factors for depression; decreased Ccr（OR=0.973, 0.959-0.981）and low family income (OR=2.571, 95% CI: 1.108～5.969) were risk factors for anxiety. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety and depression are significantly higher in patients with chronic renal disease and chronic renal failure than normal controls. Ccr, family income and way of payment of medical expenditure are inversely associated with affective disorders.